On 16 November 1974 there was the first deliberate attempt to send an interstellar message using a radio telescope to transmit a signal to outside our solar system, using the Arecibo radio telescope to beam a message towards the globular star cluster M13 (Messier 13).
Web Resources
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Book References
For discussion of the Arecibo M13 transmission see the following:
Year |
Discussion by:
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No. of Pages |
Abell, George in “Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence : The First Encounter” (1976) (edited by James L Christian) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 66 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “The Search for Life Beyond Earth : A Scientific Update”) of the Prometheus Books softcover edition. |
1 |
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Angelo, Joseph A in his “The Extraterrestrial Encyclopedia: Man’s Search for Life in Outer Space” (1985) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 5-7 (in the entry entitled “Arecibo Interstellar Message”), 26-27 (in the entry entitled “consequences of extraterrestrial contact”), 68 (in the entry entitled “Interstellar Communication“) of the revised 1991 Fact on File hardback edition. |
6 |
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Ashpole, Edward in his “The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence” (1989) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 98-100, 101 (in Chapter 5) of the Blandford softcover edition. |
4 |
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Berry, Adrian in his “From Apes to Astronauts” (1980) at pages 73-74 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “… And how to communicate with them”) of the Daily Telegraph paperback edition. |
2 |
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Berry, Adrian in his “The Giant Leap” (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 230-232 (in Chapter 19) of the revised Headline softcover edition. |
3 |
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Boyce, Chris in his Extraterrestrial Encounter (1979) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 93-94 (in Chapter 6) of the David & Charles hardback edition, at page 84 of the 1980 revised NEL paperback edition. |
2 |
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Clark, Andrew J H and Clark, David H in their “Aliens“ (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 106 (in Chapter 3) of the Fromm hardback edition. |
1 |
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Clark, Stuart in his “Life on Other Worlds and How to Find It” (2000) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 144-145 (in Chapter 10) of the Springer hardback edition. |
2 |
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Darling, David in his “The Extraterrestrial Encyclopedia” (2000) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 26 (in the entry entitled “Arecibo Message”), 71 (in the entry entitled “CETI”), 71-72 (in the entry entitled “CETI, opposition to”) of the Three Rivers softcover edition. |
4 |
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Darling, David in his online encyclopedia, “The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy and Spaceflight” (2003) in the entry entitled “Arecibo Message”. The relevant entry is available online at: |
1 |
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Davidson, Keay in his “Carl Sagan: A Life” (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 274-275 (in Chapter 10) of the Wiley softcover edition. |
2 |
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Davies, Paul in his “Are we Alone?“ (1995) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 37 (in Chapter 3) of the Penguin paperback edition. |
1 |
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Dick, Steven J in his “The Biological Universe” (1996) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 440 (in Chapter 8) of the Cambridge hardback edition. |
1 |
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Drake, Frank and Sobel, Dava in their “Is Anyone Out There?“ (1991) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 148 (in Chapter 7), 180-185 (in Chapter 8) of the Pocket Books paperback edition. |
7 |
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Drake, Frank D in an interview in David W Swift’s “SETI Pioneers : Scientists Talk About Their Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence” (1990) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 76 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “Frank D Drake”) of the Arizona hardback edition. |
1 |
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Drake, Frank in “Science and the Paranormal” (1981) (edited by Abell, George O and Singer, Barry) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 345-346, 347, 348 (in Chapter 19) of the Junction Books hardback edition. |
4 |
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Edelson, Edward in his “Who Goes There?” (1978) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 124-126 (in Chapter 10) of the NEL paperback edition (with the same page numbering in the NEL paperback edition combining this book and Chris Boyce’s “Extraterrestrial Encounter). |
3 |
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Edelson, Robert E in “Worlds Beyond” (1978) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) (edited by Larry Geis and Fabrice Florin) at page 160 (in Sequence 17) of the And/Or softcover edition (with the same page numbering in the Perennial Library paperback edition published under the title “Moving Into Space: The Myths and Realities of Extraterrestrial Life”). |
1 |
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Fairley, Peter in his “Is there Life in Outer Space?” (1975) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 68-70 (in Chapter 5) of the Look-In softcover edition. |
3 |
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Fitzgerald, Randall in his “The Cosmic Test Tube” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 341-342 (in Section 5) of the Moonlake Media softcover edition. |
2 |
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Gallant, Roy A in “Beyond Earth : The Search for Extraterrestrial Life” (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 160, 161-162 (in Chapter 12) of the Four Winds hardback edition. |
3 |
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Glenday, Craig in his “The UFO Investigator’s Handbook” (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 119 (in Chapter 5) of the Running Press softcover edition. |
1 |
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Goldsmith, Donald and Owen, Tobias in their “The Search for Life in the Universe” (1980) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 402-406 (in Chapter 20) of the Benjamin Cummings softcover edition, at pages 474-479 (in Chapter 19) of the 1992 Addison Wesley softcover revised second edition. |
5 |
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Goldsmith, Donald in “Are We Alone in the Cosmos” (1999) (edited by Ben Bova and Byron Preiss) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 17 (in the Introduction) of the ibooks softcover edition. |
1 |
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Good, Timothy in his “Alien Update” (1993) at page 4 (in the Foreword) of the Arrow paperback edition. |
1 |
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Goodwin, Simon with John Gribbin in their “XTL” (2001) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 162, 163 (in Chapter 5) of the Weidenfeld & Nicolson softcover edition. |
2 |
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Guthke, Karl S in his “The Last Frontier : Imagining Other Worlds From the Copernican Revolution to Modern Science Fiction: Imagining Other Worlds From the Copernican Revolution to Modern Science Fiction” (1990) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 11 (in Chapter 1.1) of the Cornell University softcover edition. |
1 |
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Halpern, Paul in his “The Quest For Alien Planets” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 241, 248-249 (in Chapter 8) of the Plenum Trade hardback edition. |
3 |
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Harrison, Albert A in his “After Contact: The Human Response to Extraterrestrial Life” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 1-3 (in Chapter 1), 58 (in Chapter 2) of the Plenum Trade hardback edition. |
4 |
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Hennessey, Roger in his “Worlds Without End : The Historic Search for Extraterrestrial Life” (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 128-129, 130 (in Chapter 12) of the Tempus hardback edition. |
3 |
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Hyams, Ron in “UFOs: Where Do They Come From?” (1984) (edited by Peter Brookesmith) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 80 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “Is there anybody out there?”) of the Black Cat hardback edition. The relevant chapter is an article reprinted from the weekly partwork “The Unexplained” , Volume 1, page 246. |
1 |
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Jakosky, Bruce in his “The Search for Life on Other Planets” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 291 (in Chapter 17) of the Cambridge University softcover edition. |
1 |
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Koerner, David & LeVay, Simon in their “Here Be Dragons” (2000) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 173-174 (in Chapter 7) of the Oxford softcover edition. |
2 |
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Lamb, David in his “The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence : A Philosophical Inquiry” (2001) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 10, 33 (in Chapter 1) of the Routledge softcover edition. |
2 |
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Landsburg, Alan and Landsburg, Sally in their “The Outer Space Connection” (1975) at pages 158-160 (in Chapter 13) of the Bantam paperback edition (with the same page numbering in the Corgi paperback edition). |
3 |
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Landsburg, Alan in his “In Search of Extraterrestrials” (1976) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 95 (in Chapter 7), 124 (in Chapter 10) of the Corgi paperback edition. |
2 |
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Lemonick, Michael in his “Other Worlds“ (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 239-240 (in Chapter 13) of the Simon & Schuster hardback edition (with the same page numbering in the Simon & Schuster softcover edition). |
2 |
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Marvels and Mysteries (Editors Of) in “Marvels and Mysteries: Aliens” (1995) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 38, 81 of the Parrallel softcover edition. |
2 |
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McConnell, Brian in his “Beyond Contact : A Guide to SETI and Communicating with Alien Civilizations” (2001) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 189-190 (in Chapter 11) of the O’Reilly hardback edition. |
2 |
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McDonough, Thomas R in his “The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence - Listening for Life in the Cosmos” (1987) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 122-123, 125 (in Chapter 8) (and on the photographic page to the left of page 85) of the Wiley softcover edition. |
4 |
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Michaud, Michael in “Are We Alone in the Cosmos” (1999) (edited by Ben Bova and Byron Preiss) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 276 (with image of message on page 277) (in Chapter 6) of the ibooks softcover edition. |
2 |
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Michaud, Michael in “First Contact” (1990) (edited by Ben Bova and Byron Preiss) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 254 (with image of message on page 255) (in Chapter 8) of the NAL Books hardback edition, at page 276 of the Headline paperback edition. |
2 |
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Nicolson, Iain in his “The Road to the Stars” (1988) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 119-120 (in Chapter 6), 195, 202 (in Chapter 11) of the Book Club Associates hardback edition. |
4 |
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Parker, Barry in his “Alien Life” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 177, 178 (in Chapter 10) of the Plenum Trade hardback edition. |
2 |
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Pickover, Clifford in his “The Science of Aliens” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 152 (in Chapter 7) of the Basic Books hardback edition. |
1 |
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Pope, Nick in his “Open Skies, Closed Minds” (1996) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 211 (in Chapter 12) of the Simon and Schuster hardback edition, with the same page numbering in the Pocket Books paperback edition. |
1 |
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Poundstone, William in his “Carl Sagan: A Life in the Cosmos” (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 186 (in the chapter entitled “Ithaca 1968- |
2 |
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Ridpath, Ian in his “Life Off Earth” (1983) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 109, 110-111 (in Chapter 9) of the Granada hardback edition. |
3 |
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Ridpath, Ian in his “Messages from the Stars” (1978) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 11 (in Chapter 1), 129-131, 134 (in Chapter 8) of the Fontana paperback edition. |
5 |
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Ridpath, Ian in his “Worlds Beyond” (1975) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 139-142 (in Chapter 7) of the Wildwood House softcover edition, at pages 146-147 of the revised 1977 Penguin softcover edition entitled “Signs of Life”. |
4 |
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Roulet, Alfred in his “The Search for Intelligent Life in Outer Space” (1973) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 148-151 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “The Project Cyclops”) of the Berkley paperback edition. |
4 |
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Sachs, Margaret and Jahn, Ernest in their “Celestial Passengers – UFOs & Space Travel” (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 73-74 (in Chapter 9) of the Penguin paperback edition. |
2 |
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Sagan, Carl in his “Broca’s Brain” (1979) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 338-339 (in Chapter 22) of the Coronet paperback edition. |
2 |
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Sagan, Carl in his “Cosmos“ (1980) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 326 (in Chapter 12) of the Abacus softcover edition. |
1 |
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Shawcross, Tim in his “The Roswell File” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 225 (in Chapter 16) of the Bloomsbury softcover edition. |
1 |
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Shostak, Seth in his “Sharing the Universe” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 147-150 (in Chapter 7) of the Berkeley Hills softcover edition. |
4 |
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Spencer, John and Spencer, Anne in their “True Life Encounters – Alien Contact” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 24 (in Chapter 1) of the Millenium paperback edition. |
1 |
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Staff at the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center in “The Quest For Extraterrestrial Life : A Book of Readings” (1980) (edited by Donald Goldsmith) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 293-296 (in Chapter 58) of the University Science Books hardback edition. The relevant chapter is a reprint of “The Arecibo Message of November 1974”, Icarus, Volume 26 (1975), pages 462ff. |
4 |
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Steiger, Brad in his “Alien Meetings” (1978) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 26-27 (in Chapter 3) of the Ace paperback edition. |
2 |
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Stemman, Roy in his “Mysteries of the Universe: Great Mysteries” (1978) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 247, 248, 249 (in Chapter 13) of the Book Club Associates hardback edition. |
3 |
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Stilley, Frank in his “The Search” (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 121-123, 126 (in Chapter 11), 136-137 (in Chapter 13) of the Putnam hardback edition. |
6 |
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Stoneley, Jack and Lawton, A T in their “CETI: Communication with Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence” (1976) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 17-19 (in Chapter 1) of the Star Books paperback edition. |
3 |
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Story, Ronald in “The Encyclopedia of UFOs” (1980) (edited by Ronald Story) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 103-104 (in an entry entitled “Drake, Frank D[onald]”) of the NEL hardback edition. |
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Sullivan, Walter in “The Quest For Extraterrestrial Life : A Book of Readings” (1980) (edited by Donald Goldsmith) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 267-268 (in Chapter 52) of the University Science Books hardback edition. The relevant chapter is a reprint of “Astronomer Fears Hostile Attack; Would Keep Life on Earth a Secret” in the New York Times, 1976.1104, at page 46. |
2 |
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Tonnies, Mac in his “After the Martian Apocalypse” (2004) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 135, 136 (in Chapter 5) of the Paraview Pocket Books softcover edition. |
2 |
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Webb, Stephen in his “Where is Everybody?: Fifty Solutions to the Fermi Paradox” (2002) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 110-111 (in Chapter 4), 261 (in the Notes and Further Reading) of the Copernicus hardback edition. |
3 |
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Wilkinson, David in his “Alone in the Universe?” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 70 (in Chapter 4) of the Monarch softcover edition. |
1 |
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Wright, Susan in her “UFO Headquarters” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 197 (in Chapter 10) of the St Martin’s Press softcover edition. |
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