On 1 June 1967, photographs were purportedly taken of a UFO with a marking later associated with Ummo over San Jopse de Valderas, near
This incident is Case 88 in Isaac Koi's "Top 100" article, since it was referred to in 32 of the books covered by that article.
Ufologist Scott Corrales has commented that the Ummo affair is “without any doubt, the longest-running hoax in ufology”.
Jacques Vallee has suggested that “UMMO is certainly one of the best examples of the systematic application of confusion techniques in the paranormal field”.
Web Resources
For links to various relevant documents and articles online see:
http://ufologie.net/ummo/index.htmThis incident is discussed on the AboveTopSecret.com (“ATS”) internet discussion forums in Thread 181388.
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Book References
For discussion of Ummo and related photographs see the following:
Year |
Discussion by:
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No. of Pages |
Baker, Alan in his “The Encyclopaedia of Alien Encounters” (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 243-245 (in an entry entitled “UMMO”) of the Virgin hardback edition. |
3 |
|
Blundell, Nigel and Boar, Roger in “The World’s Greatest Alien Abduction Mysteries” (2001) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 446 (in the chapter entitled “Encounters of the Aerial Kind”) of the Chancellor Press softcover edition. |
1 |
|
Blundell, Nigel and Boar, Roger in their “The World’s Greatest UFO Mysteries” (1986) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 187 (in the chapter entitled “What are They, Why are They here?”) of the Octopus hardback edition (with the same page numbering in the Hamlyn softcover edition). |
1 |
|
Brookesmith, Peter in his “UFO: The Complete Sightings Catalogue” (1995) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 89-90 (in Chapter 4), 136 (in Chapter 6) of the BCA hardback edition (with the same page numbering in the Blitz hardback edition, and in the Barnes & Noble hardback edition published under the title “UFO: The Complete Sightings”). |
3 |
|
Clark, Jerome in his “Extraordinary Encounters : An Encyclopedia of Extraterrestrials and Otherworldly Beings” (2000) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 249-252 (in an entry entitled “Ummo”) of the ABC-Clio hardback edition. |
4 |
|
Clark, Jerome in his “The UFO Encyclopedia: The Phenomenon from the Beginning - 2nd edition” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) in Volume 2:L-Z at pages 939-942 (in an entry entitled “Ummo Hoax”) of the Omnigraphics hardback edition. |
4 |
|
Clark, Jerome in his “The UFO Encyclopedia: The Phenomenon from the Beginning - 2nd edition” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) in Volume 1:A-K at page 510 (forming part of an entry entitled “Hoaxes” at pages 504-519) of the Omnigraphics hardback edition. |
1 |
|
Corrales, Scott in “The Encyclopedia of Extraterrestrial Encounters” (2001) (edited by Ronald Story) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 622-623 (in an entry entitled “Ummo affair”) of the New American Library softcover edition, at pages 609-610 of the pdf edition (with the same page numbering in the Microsoft Word edition). |
2 |
|
Corrales, Scott in “The Mammoth Encyclopedia of Extraterrestrial Encounters” (2001) (edited by Ronald Story) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 746-747 (in an entry entitled “Ummo affair”) of the Robinson softcover edition. |
2 |
|
Dash, Mike in his “Borderlands” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 298-300 (in Chapter 8) of the Arrow paperback edition. |
3 |
|
Evans, Hilary in his “Gods, Spirits, Cosmic Guardians” (1987) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 262-263 (in Chapter 7.4) of the Aquarian softcover edition. |
2 |
|
Evans, Hilary in his “The Evidence for UFOs” (1983) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 140, 141 (in Chapter 7) of the Aquarian softcover edition. |
2 |
|
Hendry, Allan in his “The UFO Handbook” (1979) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 207-208 (in Chapter 16) of the Sphere softback edition. |
2 |
|
Holzer, Hans in his “The UFOnauts” (1976) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 153 (in Chapter 6) of the Fawcett Gold Medal paperback edition. |
1 |
|
Keel, John A in his “Disneyland of the Gods” (1988) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 32-33 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “A Short History of Boobery”) of the I-Net softcover edition. |
2 |
|
Keith, Jim in his “Casebook on the Men in Black” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 72-75 (Chapter 6) of the I-Net softcover edition. |
4 |
|
Knight, David C in his “UFOs: A pictorial history from antiquity to the present” (1979) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 161 (in Part 4) of the McGraw Hill hardback edition. |
|
|
Matheson, Terry in his “Alien Abductions : Creating a Modern Phenomenon” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 283 of the Prometheus hardback edition. |
1 |
|
Oberg, James in his “UFOs and Outer Space Mysteries” (1982) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 111 (in Chapter 5) of the Donning paperback edition. |
1 |
|
Ortzen, Len in his “Strange Stories of UFOs” (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 52-53 (in Chapter 6) of the Coronet paperback edition. |
2 |
|
Randles, Jenny and Hough, Peter in their “Looking for the Aliens” (1991) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 197, 198 (in Chapter 21) of the Blandford softcover edition. |
2 |
|
Randles, Jenny in her “Alien Contact – The First Fifty Years” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 58 (in the chapter entitled “1967”) of the Collins and Brown hardback edition. |
1 |
|
Randles, Jenny in her “The Little Giant Encyclopedia of UFOs” (2000) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 345 (in Part 3, “UFOs Worldwide”) of the |
1 |
|
Randles, Jenny in her “UFOs and How to See Them” (1992) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 124 (in Chapter 6) of the Brockhampton Press hardback edition. |
1 |
|
Redfern, Nicholas in his “On the Trail of the Saucer Spies : UFOs and Government Surveillance” (2006) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 83-85 (in Chapter 5) of the Anomalist Books softcover edition. |
3 |
|
Rickard, Robert and Kelly, Richard in their “Photographs of the Unknown” (1980) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 56, 57 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “UFOs”) of the NEL softcover edition. |
2 |
|
Ritchie, David in his “UFO : The Definitive Guide” (1994) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 219 (in an entry entitled “UMMO”), 229-230 (in an entry entitled “ |
1 |
|
Sachs, Margaret in her “The UFO Encyclopedia“ (1980 (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 338-339 (in an entry entitled “Ummo”) of the Corgi softback edition. |
2 |
|
Spencer, John in his “The UFO Encyclopedia” (1991) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 304 (in an entry entitled “UMMO”) of the Guild hardback edition (with the same page numbering in the Avon softcover edition), at page 358 of the Headline paperback edition. |
1 |
|
Trench, Brinsley Le Poer in his “The Eternal Subject” (1973) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 119-121, 123-124 (in Chapter 21) of the Souvenir Press hardback edition, at pages 120-122, 124-125 of the Day Book paperback editon (published under the title “Mysterious Visitors: The UFO Story”). |
5 |
|
Vallee, Jacques in his “Forbidden Science : Volume 2 (Journals 1970-1979)” (2008) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 79, 81, 99, 348, 497 of the Documatica Research hardback edition. |
5 |
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Vallee, Jacques in his “Messengers of Deception : UFO Contacts and Cults” (1979) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 55-56 (in Chapter 2) of the 1980 revised Bantam paperback edition. |
2 |
|
Vallee, Jacques in his “Revelations: Alien Contact and Human Deception” (1991) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 98-132 (in Chapter 4 generally) of the Ballantine Books paperback edition. |
36 |
|
Vallee, Jacques in his “The Invisible College” (1975) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 95-105 (in Chapter 4) of the Dutton hardback edition, at pages 102-112 of the Panther paperback edition (published under the title “UFOs : The Psychic Solution”). |
11 |
|
Vallee, Jacques in his “UFO Chronicles of the Soviet Union: A Cosmic Samizdat” (1992) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 13-14 (in Chapter 1), 60-61 (in Chapter 5) of the Ballantine Books hardback edition. |
4 |
|
Wilson, Colin in his “Alien Dawn” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 135-136 (in Chapter 4) of the Virgin softcover edition (with the same page numbering in the Virgin paperback edition). |
2 |
Other Material