On 15 April 1961, an article entitled “Interstellar and Interplanetary Communication by Optical Masers” by Dr. Robert N Schwartz and Professor Charles H Townes was published in the journal Nature, proposing optical SETI.
Web Resources
Image of article available online at:
http://www.coseti.org/townes_0.htm
{text}
Book References
Complete text of article reprinted in “The Quest For Extraterrestrial Life : A Book of Readings” (1980) (edited by Donald Goldsmith) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 110-113 (in Chapter 23) of the University Science Books hardback edition.
Complete text of article reprinted in “Interstellar Communication : A Collection of Reprints and Original Contributions” (1963) (edited by A G W Cameron) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 223-231 (in Chapter 23) of the W A Benjamin hardback edition.
For discussion of Townes’ article and/or Optical SETI see the following:
Year |
Discussion by:
|
No. of Pages |
Achenbach, Joel in his “Captured by Aliens” (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 282 (in Chapter 28), 392 (in the Notes) of the Simon and Schuster hardback edition. |
2 |
|
Allen, Tom in his “The Quest: A Report on Extraterrestrial life " (1965) at pages 28-29 (in Chapter 2) of the Chilton hardback edition. |
2 |
|
Ashpole, Edward in his “The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence”(1989) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 79-81 (in Chapter 4) of the Blandford softcover edition. |
3 |
|
Ashpole, Edward in his “The UFO Phenomena” (1995) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 130-134 (in Chapter 10) of the Headline hardback edition. |
5 |
|
Ashpole, Edward in his “Where is Everybody?” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 106-108 (in Chapter 6) of the Sigma Press softcover edition. |
3 |
|
Cameron, Alastair G W in “The Quest For Extraterrestrial Life : A Book of Readings” (1980) (edited by Donald Goldsmith) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 135 (in Chapter 27) of the University Science Books hardback edition. The relevant chapter is a reprint of “Communicating with Intelligent Life on Other Worlds”, Sky and Telescope, Volume 26 (1963) pages 258ff. |
1 |
|
Clark, Andrew J H and Clark, David H in their “Aliens“ (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 111 (in Chapter 3) of the Fromm hardback edition. |
1 |
|
Clark, Stuart in his “Life on Other Worlds and How to Find It” (2000) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 142 (in Chapter 10) of the Springer hardback edition. |
1 |
|
Darling, David in his “The Extraterrestrial Encyclopedia” (2000) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 308-309 (in the entry entitled “optical SETI”), 309 (in the entry entitled “optical SETI at Berkeley”), 309 (in the entry entitled “optical SETI at Harvard/Smithsonian”), 426 (in the entry entitled “Townes, Charles Hard (1915- )”) of the Three Rivers softcover edition. |
3 |
|
Dick, Steven J in his “Life on Other Worlds“ (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 212 (in Chapter 7) of the |
1 |
|
Dick, Steven J in his “The Biological Universe” (1996) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 432 (in Chapter 8) of the |
1 |
|
Edelson, Edward in his “Who Goes There?” (1978) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 108-109 (in Chapter 9) of the NEL paperback edition (with the same page numbering in the NEL paperback edition combining this book and Chris Boyce’s “Extraterrestrial Encounter). |
2 |
|
Hoagland, Richard in his “The Monuments of Mars” (1987) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 221 (in Chapter 13) of the 1992 revised |
1 |
|
Hobana, Ion and Weverbergh, Julien in their “UFO's from behind the iron curtain” (1974) at page 51 (in Chapter 2) of the Corgi paperback edition. |
1 |
|
Horowitz, Paul and Alschuler, William R in “Are We Alone in the Cosmos” (1999) (edited by Ben Bova and Byron Preiss) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 235-238 (in Chapter 6) of the ibooks softcover edition. |
4 |
|
Lamb, David in his “The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence : A Philosophical Inquiry” (2001) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 27-30 (in Chapter 1) of the Routledge softcover edition. |
4 |
|
Lunan, Duncan in his “Man and the Stars” (1974) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 17 (in Chapter 1) of the Souvenir Press hardback edition, at page 22 of the Corgi paperback edition. |
1 |
|
McConnell, Brian in his “Beyond Contact : A Guide to SETI and Communicating with Alien Civilizations” (2001) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 11, 16-17 (in Chapter 2), 99-118 (in Chapter 7 generally), 139-143 (in Chapter 8), 188 (in Chapter 11), 387 (in Appendix C, entitled “SETI Program Timeline”) of the O’Reilly hardback edition. |
30 |
|
Oliver, Bernard and Billingham, John et al in “Project Cyclops: A Design Study of a System for Detecting Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life : NASA Contractor Report 114445 (“NASA CR |
2 |
|
Oliver, Bernard M in “Interstellar Communication : A Collection of Reprints and Original Contributions” (1963) (edited by A G W Cameron) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 207-222 (in Chapter 22) of the W A Benjamin hardback edition. The relevant chapter is a reprint of the article “Some Potentialities of Optical Masers”, B M Oliver, Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs. Volume 50, pages 135-141 (1962). |
16 |
|
Oliver, Bernard M in “Interstellar Communication : Scientific Perspectives” (1974) (edited by Cyril Ponnamperuma and A G W Cameron) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 148-152 (in Chapter 9) of the Houghton Mifflin softcover edition. |
5 |
|
Oliver, Bernard M in an interview in David W Swift’s “SETI Pioneers : Scientists Talk About Their Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence” (1990) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 93, 102-103 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “Bernard M Oliver”) of the Arizona hardback edition. |
3 |
|
Parker, Barry in his “Alien Life” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 170 (in Chapter 10) of the Plenum Trade hardback edition. |
1 |
|
Pauwels, Louis and Bergier, Jacques in their “Impossible Possibilities” (1968) at pages 36-37 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “Three Windows on Infinity”) of the Mayflower paperback edition. |
2 |
|
Pickover, Clifford in his “The Science of Aliens” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 156 (in Chapter 7) of the Basic Books hardback edition. |
1 |
|
Ridpath, Ian in his “Worlds Beyond” (1975) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 133-134 (in Chapter 7) of the Wildwood House softcover edition, at pages 138-140 of the revised 1977 Penguin softcover edition entitled “Signs of Life”. |
2 |
|
Roulet, Alfred in his “The Search for Intelligent Life in Outer Space” (1973) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 126-128 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “The Project Cyclops”) of the |
3 |
|
Sendy, Jean in his “The Coming of the Gods” (1970) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 106-108, 109 (in Chapter 12) of the |
3 |
|
SETI Institute’s SETI Science and Technology Working Group (“the SSTWG”) in “SETI 2020 : A Roadmap for the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence” (2002) (edited by Elkers, Ronald D and Cullers, Kent D and Billingham, John and Scheffer, Louis K) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages xliv, xlvi (in the Executive Summary), 15 (in Chapter 1), 61-62 (in Chapter 2), 70, 71, 74-75, 76, 82-98 (in Chapter 3), 107-110 (in Chapter 4), 134, 143-145 (in Chapter 5), 200-221 (in Chapter 6), 229, 233, 235 (in Chapter 7), 265, 267-268 (in Chapter 8), 317-320 (in Appendix B) of the SETI Press softcover edition. |
46 |
|
Shklovskii, Iosef Shmuelovich and Sagan, Carl in their “Intelligent Life in the Universe” (1966) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 398-407 (in Chapter 28) of the Picador softcover edition. |
9 |
|
Shklovskii, Iosef Shmuelovich and Sagan, Carl in their “Intelligent Life in the Universe” (1966) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 401-407 (in Chapter 28) of the Picador softcover edition. |
7 |
|
Shostak, Seth in his “Sharing the Universe” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 178 (in Chapter 8) of the Berkeley Hills softcover edition. |
1 |
|
Stoneley, Jack and Lawton, A T in their “CETI: Communication with Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence” (1976) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 38-41 (in Chapter 3) of the Star Books paperback edition. |
4 |
|
Sullivan, Walter in his “We Are Not Alone” (1964) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 209-218 (in Chapter 15) of the Signet paperback revised editions. |
10 |
|
Webb, Stephen in his “Where is Everybody?: Fifty Solutions to the Fermi Paradox” (2002) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 100-101, 110 (in Chapter 4) of the Copernicus hardback edition. |
3 |
Other Material
Nature, Vol. 190, No. 4772, pp. 205-208, April 15, 1961