On 15 May 1953, the journal Science includes an article by Stanley Miller (a graduate student under the supervision of Harold Urey) entitled “Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions”. (Commonly referred to as the “Miller-Urey Experiment”).
Web Resources
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Book References
For discussion of the Miller-Urey experiment see the following:
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Abell, George in “Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence : The First Encounter” (1976) (edited by James L Christian) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 56 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “The Search for Life Beyond Earth : A Scientific Update”) of the Prometheus Books softcover edition. |
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Allen, Tom in his “The Quest: A Report on Extraterrestrial life " (1965) at pages 57, 58, 60-61 (in Chapter 4) of the Chilton hardback edition. |
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Angelo, Joseph A in his “The Extraterrestrial Encyclopedia: Man’s Search for Life in Outer Space” (1985) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 41 (in the entry entitled “exobiology”) of the revised 1991 Fact on File hardback edition. |
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Asimov, Isaac in “Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence : The First Encounter” (1976) (edited by James L Christian) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 47 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “Of Life Beyond : Man’s Age-Old Speculations”) of the Prometheus Books softcover edition. |
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Asimov, Isaac in his “Extraterrestrial Civilizations” (1979) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 155-156 (in Chapter 9) of the Crown hardback edition, at pages 178-179 of the Pan paperback edition. |
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Bourret, Jean-Claude in his “The Crack in the Universe” (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 145-146 (in Part 3) of the Neville Spearman hardback edition. |
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Bracewell, Ronald in his “The Galactic Club” (1974) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 10 (in Chapter 1) of the Heinemann softcover edition. |
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Brin, David in “Making Contact” (1997) (edited by Bill Fawcett) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 224-225 (in Section 3) of the Morrow hardback edition. |
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Brunstein, Karl in his “Beyond the Four Dimensions” (1979) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 119-122 (in Chapter 6) of the |
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Calvin, Melvin in an interview in David W Swift’s “SETI Pioneers : Scientists Talk About Their Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence” (1990) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 120-121, 131 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “Melvin Calvin”) of the Arizona hardback edition. |
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Christian, James L in “Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence : The First Encounter” (1976) (edited by James L Christian) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 20-21, 23-25 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “The Story of Life : Earth’s Four-Billion-Year Beginning”) of the Prometheus Books softcover edition. |
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Clark, Andrew J H and Clark, David H in their “Aliens” (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 167 (in Chapter 5) of the Fromm hardback edition. |
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Clark, Stuart in his “Life on Other Worlds and How to Find It” (2000) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 72 (in Chapter 5) of the Springer hardback edition. |
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Cohen, Jack and Stewart, Ian in their “Evolving the Alien” (2002) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 71-72 (in Chapter 4) of the Ebury Press hardback edition. |
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Collyns, Robin in his “Did Spacemen Colonise The Earth?” (1974) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 235 (in Chapter 20) of the Mayflower paperback edition. |
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Condon Report (“Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects”, Edward U Condon (Director) and Daniel S Gillmor (Editor) (1969)) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 40 (in Section 2 “Summary of the Study”, by Edward U Condon) of the uncorrected version submitted to the Air Force (with the same page numbering in the 3 volume paperbound edition distributed by the National Technical Information Service, US Department of Commerce) at page 29 of the Vision hardback edition (with the same page numbering in the Bantam paperback edition). The first of these editions has the same page numbering as the edition available free online at the following links: http://www.project1947.com/shg/condon/contents.html |
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Darling, David in his “The Extraterrestrial Encyclopedia” (2000) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 136 (in the entry entitled “evolutionary theory and extraterrestrial life”), 276-277 (in the entry entitled “Miller-Urey Experiment”) of the Three Rivers softcover edition. |
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Darling, David in his online encyclopedia, “The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy and Spaceflight” (2003) in the entry entitled “Miller-Urey Experiment”. The relevant entry is available online at: http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/M/MillerUreyexp.html |
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Davidson, Keay in his “Carl Sagan: A Life” (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 61-64 (in Chapter 3), 153, 158 (in Chapter 4) of the Wiley softcover edition. |
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Davies, Paul in his “Are we Alone?“ (1995) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 9 (in Chapter 1) of the Penguin paperback edition. |
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Davies, Paul in his “The Fifth Miracle” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 56-63 (in Chapter 3) of the Penguin Press hardcover edition. |
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Dick, Steven J in his “Life on Other Worlds“ (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 171, 175-176, 185 (in Chapter 6) of the |
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Dick, Steven J in his “The Biological Universe” (1996) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 3 (in the Introduction), 345-348, 356, 376 (in Chapter 7) of the |
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Dickerson, Richard E in “The Quest For Extraterrestrial Life : A Book of Readings” (1980) (edited by Donald Goldsmith) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 49-50, 54 (in Chapter 12) of the University Science Books hardback edition. The relevant chapter is a reprint of “Chemical Evolution and the Origin of Life”, Scientific Americain, 239 (1978.0900), pages 70-86. |
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DiGregorio, Barry E in “Mars: The Living Planet” (1997) (by Barry E DiGregorio with Gilbert V Levin and Patricia Ann Straat) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 4, 7 (in the Introduction) of the Frog hardback edition. |
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Drake, Frank and Dava Sobel in their “Is Anyone Out There?“ (1991) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 50-51 (in Chapter 3) of the Pocket Books paperback edition. |
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Edelson, Edward in his “Who Goes There?” (1978) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 35-37 (in Chapter 3) of the NEL paperback edition (with the same page numbering in the NEL paperback edition combining this book and Chris Boyce’s “Extraterrestrial Encounter). |
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Fairley, Peter in his “Is there Life in Outer Space?” (1975) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 26-27 (in Chapter 2) of the Look-In softcover edition. |
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Feinberg, Gerald and Shapiro, Robert in their “Life Beyond Earth” (1980) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 117-129 (in Chapter 5) of the Morrow hardback edition. |
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Gallant, Roy A in “Beyond Earth : The Search for Extraterrestrial Life” (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 75 (in Chapter 7) of the Four Winds hardback edition. |
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Goldsmith, Donald and Tobias Owen in their “The Search for Life in the Universe” (1980) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 174-179 (in Chapter 9) of the Benjamin Cummings softcover edition, at pages 191-195 (in Chapter 8) of the 1992 Addison Wesley softcover revised second edition. |
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Goldsmith, Donald in his “The Hunt For Life On Mars” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 144-147, 149-151 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “The Origin of Life”) of the Dutton hardback edition. |
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Guthke, Karl S in his “The Last Frontier : Imagining Other Worlds From the Copernican Revolution to Modern Science Fiction: Imagining Other Worlds From the Copernican Revolution to Modern Science Fiction” (1990) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 5 (in Chapter 1.1) of the Cornell University softcover edition. |
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Harrison, Albert A in his “After Contact: The Human Response to Extraterrestrial Life” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 13 (in Chapter 1) of the Plenum Trade hardback edition. |
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Hickson, Charles and Mendez, William in their “UFO Contact at Pascagoula” (1983) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 162-163 (in Chapter 6) of the Stevens hardback edition. |
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Horn, Arthur D and Horn, Lynette M in their “Humanity's Extraterrestrial Origins” (1994) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 12-13, 15 (in Chapter 1) of the Silberschnur softcover edition. |
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Hyams, Ron in “UFOs: Where Do They Come From?” (1984) (edited by Peter Brookesmith) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 77 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “Reach for the stars”) of the Black Cat hardback edition. The relevant chapter is an article reprinted from the weekly partwork “The Unexplained”, Volume 1, page 223. |
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Jakosky, Bruce in his “The Search for Life on Other Planets” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 95-101 (in Chapter 6) of the |
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Jastrow, Robert in his “Journey to the Stars: Space Exploration - Tomorrow and Beyond” (1989) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 118, 121 (in Chapter 8) of the Bantam softcover edition. |
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Koerner, David & LeVay, Simon in their “Here Be Dragons” (2000) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 18-21 (in Chapter 1) of the |
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Lamb, David in his “The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence : A Philosophical Inquiry” (2001) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 80-81 (in Chapter 3) of the Routledge softcover edition. |
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Lemonick, Michael in his “Other Worlds“ (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 42 (in Chapter 1) of the Simon & Schuster hardback edition (with the same page numbering in the Simon & Schuster softcover edition). |
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McDonough, Thomas R in his “The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence - Listening for Life in the Cosmos” (1987) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 65 (in Chapter 4) of the Wiley softcover edition. |
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Melvin, Calvin in “Interstellar Communication : A Collection of Reprints and Original Contributions” (1963) (edited by A G W Cameron) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 41 (in Chapter 5) of the W A Benjamin hardback edition. |
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Menzel, Donald and Ernest Taves in their “The UFO Enigma“ (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 200-201 of the Doubleday hardback edition (in Chapter 15). |
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Moore, Patrick and Jackson, Francis in their “Life in the Universe” (1987) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 63-64, 66 (in Chapter 2) of the Norton softcover edition. |
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Nelson, The Earl in his “There is Life on Mars” (1955) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 132 (in the Notes) of the Werner Laurie hardback edition. |
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Oliver, Bernard and Billingham, John et al in “Project Cyclops: A Design Study of a System for Detecting Extraterrestrial Intelligent Life : NASA Contractor Report 114445 (“NASA CR |
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Oliver, Bernard M in an interview in David W Swift’s “SETI Pioneers : Scientists Talk About Their Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence” (1990) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 92-93 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “Bernard M Oliver”) of the Arizona hardback edition. |
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Parker, Barry in his “Alien Life” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 32-36 (in Chapter 3) of the Plenum Trade hardback edition. |
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Pauwels, Louis and Bergier, Jacques in their “Impossible Possibilities” (1968) at pages 146-147 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “Life Out of a Test Tube”) of the Mayflower paperback edition. |
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Ponnamperuma, Cyril and Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael in “Extraterrestrials: Where are they?” (1982) (edited by Michael Hart and Ben Zuckerman) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 110-112 (in Chapter 13) of the |
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Ponnamperuma, Cyril in “Interstellar Communication : Scientific Perspectives” (1974) (edited by Cyril Ponnamperuma and A G W Cameron) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 53 (in Chapter 3) of the Houghton Mifflin softcover edition. |
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Poundstone, William in his “Carl Sagan: A Life in the Cosmos” (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 23-25, 44 (in the chapter entitled “Chicago 1951- |
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Ridpath, Ian in his “Life Off Earth” (1983) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 89, 90 (in Chapter 7) of the |
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Ridpath, Ian in his “Worlds Beyond” (1975) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 66-67 (in Chapter 4) of the Wildwood House softcover edition, at pages 65-66 of the revised 1977 Penguin softcover edition entitled “Signs of Life”. |
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Rood, Robert and Trefil, James in their “Are We Alone?“ (1980) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 64-67, 84 (in Chapter 5) of the Scribners hardback edition. |
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Roulet, Alfred in his “The Search for Intelligent Life in Outer Space” (1973) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 21 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “Life in Our Galactic Homeland”) of the |
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Sagan, Carl in his “Cosmos“ (1980) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 53-54 (in Chapter 2) of the Abacus softcover edition. |
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Sendy, Jean in his “Those Gods Who Made Heaven and Earth” (1969) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 22 (in Chapter 2) of the |
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Shapiro, Robert and Feinberg, Gerald in “Extraterrestrials: Where are they?” (1982) (edited by Michael Hart and Ben Zuckerman) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 166-167 (in Chapter 18) of the |
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Shapiro, Robert in his “Planetary Dreams” (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 106-111 (in Chapter 5), 134, 138 (in Chapter 6) of the Wiley hardback edition. |
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Shapley, Harlow in his “The View from a Distant Star” (1963) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 56-58 (in Chapter 5) of the Basic Books hardback edition. |
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Shawcross, Tim in his “The Roswell File” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 223 (in Chapter 16) of the |
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Shklovskii, Iosef Shmuelovich and Sagan, Carl in their “Intelligent Life in the Universe” (1966) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 229-235, 243-244 (in Chapter 17) of the Picador softcover edition. |
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Shostak, Seth in his “Sharing the Universe” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 68-69 (in Chapter 4) of the Berkeley Hills softcover edition. |
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Simpson, George Gaylord in his “This View of Life” (1964) at page 260 (in Chapter 13) of the Harcourt, Brace & World hardcover edition. |
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Spencer, John Wallace in his “No Earthly Explanation” (1974) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 147-148 (in Chapter 7) of the Corgi paperback edition. |
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Sullivan, Walter in his “We Are Not Alone” (1964) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 99, 100-101, 103, 109-110 (in Chapter 9) of the Signet paperback revised editions. |
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Tarter, Jill in “SETI 2020 : A Roadmap for the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence” (2002) (edited by Elkers, Ronald D and Cullers, Kent D and Billingham, John and Scheffer, Louis K) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 286 (in Appendix A, entitled “Cyclops Revisited”) of the SETI Press softcover edition. |
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Von Daniken, Erich in his “Return to the Stars” (1968) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 29-32 (in Chapter 2) of the Corgi paperback edition, at pages 17-19 of the Bantam paperback editions later published under the title “Gods From Outer Space”. |
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Ward, Peter and Brownlee, Don in their “Rare Earth” (2000) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages xx (in the Introduction), 63, 66-67 (in Chapter 4) of the Copernicus softcover edition. |
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Washburn, Mark in his “Mars at Last!” (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 85 (in Chapter 7) of the Abacus paperback edition. |
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Webb, Stephen in his “Where is Everybody?: Fifty Solutions to the Fermi Paradox” (2002) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 200-201 (in Chapter 5) of the Copernicus hardback edition. |
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White, Michael in his “Life Out There” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 37-40 (in Chapter 2) of the Little, Brown & Co hardback edition. |
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Wilkinson, David in his “Alone in the Universe?” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 44-45 (in Chapter 3), 139 (in Chapter 9) of the Monarch softcover edition. |
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Other Material
Miller, S., 1953, “A Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions” Science, volume 117, pages 528-529
See also Miller, S L, and Urey, H C “Organic Compound Synthesis on the Primitive Earth,” Science, 130, 245 (1959)