1908.0630 Tunguska Event

19080630_tunguska_1
Tunguska Event

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

On 30 June 1908, an explosion occurs over the Tunguska region of Russia. (Commonly referred to as “the Tunguska Event”).

 

 

 

 

Claims to fame

This incident is Case 13 in Isaac Koi's "Top 100" article, since it was referred to in 95 of the books covered by that article.

 

Isaac Koi’s “ICES” Rating for this sighting = 5,880 (out of a potential score of 14*14*14*14 i.e. 38,416)

(1) “Impact” Rating of 14 (out of a potential score of 14), because it is Case 13 in Isaac Koi's "Top 100" article.

(2) “Credibility” Rating of 14 (out of a potential score of 14) because something clearly happened and it has been reported accurately. The debate regarding this incident has centered on whether there is a natural explanation for the event, i.e. a debate regarding its Strangeness Rating (below).

(2) “Expert” Rating of 6 (out of a potential score of 14). It is given this slightly below average rating because (at the time of writing) it has not been included in any of the short lists of the best cases produced by various UFO researchers that have been compiled by Isaac Koi (see the “Best UFO Cases" article at PART 3: Existing lists by various individuals), and is it is occasionally mentioned by some UFO researchers as an example of an event having a mundane explanation..

(4)“Strangeness” Rating of 5 (out of a potential score of 14). The sighting has a relatively low strangeness rating since several researchers have put forward plausible evidence that the event had a mundane explanation (i.e. the explosion of an asteroid or comet) rather than requiring a exotic theory to explain the event.

 

 

Sections below:

1. Web Resources

2. Book References

3. Other material

 

 

 

Photo of damage caused by the Tunguska event:

19080630_tunguska_1

 

 

 

Web Resources

Wikipedi article at : Tunguska event (1908)

This incident is discussed on the AboveTopSecret.com (“ATS”) internet discussion forums in Thread 314276.

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Book References

For discussion of the Tunguska Event see the following:

 

Year

Discussion by:

 

No. of Pages

1998

Aczel, Amir in his “Probability 1” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 115-116 (in Chapter 6) of the Little Brown hardback edition.

2

1965

Allen, Tom in his “The Quest: A Report on Extraterrestrial life " (1965) at pages 14-17 (in Chapter 1) of the Chilton hardback edition.

4

1985

Angelo, Joseph A in his “The Extraterrestrial Encyclopedia: Man’s Search for Life in Outer Space” (1985) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 205 (in the entry entitled “Tunguska event”) of the revised 1991 Fact on File hardback edition.

1

1976

Asimov, Isaac in “The Fire Came By” (1976) (by John Baxter and Thomas Aktins) at pages 15-18 (in the Introduction, entitled “Bang!”) of the Futura paperback edition.

4

1968

Baker, Robert in the Roush Hearing (the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science and Astronautics "Symposium on Unidentified Flying Objects" on 1968.0729) at page 132 of the transcript of the Ninetieth Congress, Second Session, Number 7. Edited and annotated transcript presented by Fuller, John in his “Aliens in the Skies” (1969), with the relevant extract appearing at page 158 (in Chapter 6) of the Putnam hardback edition. Complete transcript available free online at the following links:

http://ncas.sawco.com/ufosymposium/contents.html

http://www.project1947.com/shg/symposium/contents.html

1

1979

Ball, Brian in his “A Young Person’s Guide to UFOs” (1979) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 40-42 (in Chapter 4) of the Dragon paperback edition.

3

1995

Barclay, David in his “Aliens: The Final Answer?” (1995) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 160-161 (in Chapter 11) of the Blandford softcover edition.

2

1976

Baxter, John and Aktins, Thomas in their “The Fire Came By” (1976) generally, particularly at pages 11-13 (in the Preface), 21-148 (Chapters 1-11 generally) of the Futura paperback edition.

131

1982

Beaty, David in his “Strange Encounters : Mysteries of the Air” (1982) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 145 (in Chapter 10) of the Book Club Associates hardback edition.

1

1970

Bergier, Jacques in his “Extraterrestrial Visitations From Prehistoric Times to the Present” (1970) at pages 159-165 (in Chapter 10) of the Signet paperback edition, at pages 179-186 of the Futura paperback edition (published under the title “Mysteries of the Earth”).

7

1980

Berlitz, Charles and Moore, Bill in their “The Roswell Incident“ (1980) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 151-152 (in Chapter 9) of the Granada hardback edition (with the same page numbering in the Granada paperback edition).

2

1974

Berlitz, Charles in his “The Bermuda Triangle” (1974) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 106-107 (in Chapter 6) of the Book Club Associates hardback edition.

2

1977

Berlitz, Charles in his “Without a Trace” (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 145-146 (in Chapter 8) of the Souvenir Press hardback edition, at page180-181 of the Granada paperback edition.

2

1988

Berlitz, Charles in his “World of Strange Phenomena” (1988) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 40-41 of the Wynwood hardback edition.

2

2004

Birnes, William in his “The UFO Magazine UFO Encyclopedia” (2004) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 250 (in an entry entitled “Podkamennaya Tunguska River”), 308 (in an entry entitled “Tunguska, Siberia”) of the Pocket Books softcover edition.

2

1997

Bizony, Piers in his “The Exploration of Mars: Searching for the Cosmic Origins of Life” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 146-147 (in Chapter 7) of the Aurum softcover edition.

2

1974

Blum, Ralph and Blum, Judy in their “Beyond Earth: Man’s Contact with UFOs” (1974) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 61 (in Chapter 6) of the Bantam paperback edition (with the same page numbering in the Corgi paperback edition).

1

2001

Blundell, Nigel and Boar, Roger in “The World’s Greatest Alien Abduction Mysteries” (2001) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 319-324 (in the chapter entitled “Encounters of the Historical Kind”) of the Chancellor Press softcover edition.

6

1986

Blundell, Nigel and Boar, Roger in their “The World’s Greatest UFO Mysteries” (1986) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 78-82 (in the chapter entitled “Encounters of the Historical Kind”) of the Octopus hardback edition (with the same page numbering in the Hamlyn softcover edition).

5

1995

Brookesmith, Peter in his “UFO: The Complete Sightings Catalogue” (1995) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 24-25 (in Chapter 2) of the BCA hardback edition (with the same page numbering in the Blitz hardback edition, and in the Barnes & Noble hardback edition published under the title “UFO: The Complete Sightings”).

2

1969

Chapman, Robert in his “UFO : Flying Saucers Over Britain?” (1969) (also published as “Unidentified Flying Objects”) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 145-147 (in Chapter 11) of the Mayflower paperback edition.

3

1998

Clark, Jerome in his “The UFO Encyclopedia: The Phenomenon from the Beginning - 2nd edition” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) in Volume 2:L-Z at page 620 (forming part of an entry entitled “Men In Black”) of the Omnigraphics hardback edition.

1

1980

Clarke, Arthur C in “Arthur C Clarke’s Mysterious World” (1980) (by Welfare, Simon and Fairley, John) at pages 243-245 (in Chapter 9) of the Book Club Associates hardback edition.

3

1969

Condon Report (“Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects”, Edward U Condon (Director) and Daniel S Gillmor (Editor) (1969)) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 1188-1190 (in Section 6, Chapter 7 “Atmospheric Electricity and Plasma Interpretations of UFOs”, by Martin D Altschuler) of the uncorrected version submitted to the Air Force (with the same page numbering in the 3 volume paperbound edition distributed by the National Technical Information Service, US Department of Commerce) at pages 746-747 of the Vision hardback edition (with the same page numbering in the Bantam paperback edition). The first of these editions has the same page numbering as the edition available free online at the following links:

http://ncas.sawco.com/condon/text/contents.htm

http://www.project1947.com/shg/condon/contents.html

3

2001

Cook, Nick in his “The Hunt for Zero Point” (2001) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 259-260 (in Chapter 25) of the Century hardback edition.

2

2000

Darling, David in his “The Extraterrestrial Encyclopedia” (2000) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 429-430 (in the entry entitled “Tunguska Phenomenon”) of the Three Rivers softcover edition.

2

2003

Darling, David in his online encyclopedia, “The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy and Spaceflight” (2003) in the entry entitled “Tunguska Phenomenon”. The relevant entry is available online at:

http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/Tunguska.html

1

1992

Davenport, Marc in his “Visitors from Time” (1992) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 91 (in Chapter 7) of the 1994 revised Greenleaf softcover edition.

1

1975

Drake, W Raymond in his “Gods and Spacemen Throughout History” (1975) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 227 (in Chapter 25) of the Sphere paperback edition.

1

1987

Fairley, John and Welfare, Simon in their “Arthur C Clarke’s Chronicles of the Strange and Mysterious” (1987) at pages 73, 76-77 (in Chapter 4) of the Guild Publishing hardback edition.

3

1976

Flammonde, Paris in his “Ufo Exist!” (1976) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 121-122 (in Chapter 7) of the Ballantine Books paperback edition.

2

1974

Flindt, Max H and Binder, Otto in their “Mankind – Child of the Stars” (1974) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 47-48 (in Chapter 2) of the Fawcett paperback edition.

2

1993

Ford, Roger in “UFOs: The Final Answer?” (1993) (edited by David Barclay and Therese Marie Barclay) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 99-103 (in Chapter 5) of the Blandford softcover edition.

5

1977

Furneaux, Rupert in his “The Tungus Event” (1977) generally, particularly at pages 9-125 of the Panther paperback edition.

117

1983

Garrett, Richard in his “Aliens From Outer Space” (1983) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 31-33 (in Chapter 2) of the Piccolo paperback edition.

3

1988

Goldberg, Bruce in his “Time Travelers from our Future: An explanation of alien abduction” (1988) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 109-111 (in Chapter 7) of the Llewellyn softcover edition.

 

1956

Guieu, Jimmy in his “Flying Saucers Come From Another World” (1956) (edited by Ronald Story) (edited by Ronald Story) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 200-205 (in Chapter 9) of the Hutchinson hardback edition.

6

1999

Hall, Michael David in his “UFOs : A Century of Sightings” (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 8-9 (in Chapter 1) of the Galde Press softcover edition.

2

1998

Hancock, Graham in his “The Mars Mystery” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 42-43 (in Chapter 4), 177-179 (in Chapter 18) of the Crown hardback edition.

5

1974

Hobana, Ion and Weverbergh, Julien in their “UFO's from behind the iron curtain” (1974) at pages 10-30 (Chapter 1 generally) of the Corgi paperback edition.

21

1980

Johnson, Frank in his “The Janos People” (1980) at page 160 (in Chapter 13) of the Neville Spearman hardback edition.

1

1997

Kanon, Gregory M in his “The Great UFO Hoax” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 41-44 (in Chapter 4) of the Galde Press softcover edition.

2

1969

Kolosimo, Peter in his “Not of this World” (1969) at page 18 (in Chapter 1) of the Sphere paperback edition.

1

1927

Kulik, K A in “The Problem of the Impact Area of the Tunguska Meteorite of 1908”, Doklady Akad SSSR (A), No. 23 (1927) 399-402. English translation included by Baxter, John and Aktins, Thomas in their “The Fire Came By” (1976) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 154-157 (Appendix B generally) of the Futura paperback edition.

4

1976

Landsburg, Alan in his “In Search of Extraterrestrials” (1976) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 107-108 (in Chapter 8) of the Corgi paperback edition.

2

1969

Lorenzen, Coral and Lorenzen, Jim in “UFOs: The Whole Story” (1969) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 17 (in Chapter 1) of the Signet paperback edition.

1

1974

Lunan, Duncan in his “Man and the Stars” (1974) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 306-308 (in Chapter 14) of the Souvenir Press hardback edition, at pages 377-380 of the Corgi paperback edition.

3

1977

Macvey, John W in his “Interstellar Travel” (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 215-229 (in Chapter 14) of the Avon paperback edition.

15

2007

Marrs, Jim in his “PSI Spies: The True Story of America’s Psychic Warfare Program” (2007) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 274-275 (in Chapter 9) of the New Page Books softcover edition.

2

1977

Menzel, Donald and Taves, Ernest in “The UFO Enigma“ (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 144 (in Chapter 11) of the Doubleday hardback edition.

1

1972

Moore, Patrick in his “Can you speak Venusian?” (1972) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 109-111 (in Chapter 13) of the Star Books paperback edition.

3

2002

Nixon, Neil in his “Pocket Essentials : UFOs” (2002) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 32-33 (in Chapter 2) of the Pocket Essentials softcover edition.

2

1982

Oberg, James in “UFOs and Outer Space Mysteries” (1982) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 132-145 of the Donning paperback edition (Chapter 7 generally).

14

1980

Oberg, James in “The Encyclopedia of UFOs” (1980) edited by Ronald Story (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 371-373 of the NEL hardback edition in an entry entitled “Tunguska (Russia) event”.

3

1977

Ortzen, Len in his “Strange Stories of UFOs” (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 147-148 (in Chapter 18) of the Coronet paperback edition.

2

1995

Randle, Kevin in his “A history of UFO crashes” (1995) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 176-178 (in Appendix A, “The UFO Crash Data Base”) of the Avon paperback edition.

3

1989

Randle, Kevin in his “The UFO Casebook” (1989) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 184-196 of the Warner Books paperback edition (entry entitled “April 1981: Van Allen on the Tunguska Explosion”).

13

1991

Randles, Jenny and Hough, Peter in their “Looking for the Aliens” (1991) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 159-161 (in Chapter 18) of the Blandford softcover edition.

3

1999

Randles, Jenny in her “The Complete Book of Aliens and Abductions” (1999) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) a page 83 (in Part 2) of the Piatkus hardback edition.

1

2000

Randles, Jenny in her “The Little Giant Encyclopedia of UFOs” (2000) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 25 (in Part 1, “A UFO Timeline”), 323 (in Part 3, “UFOs Worldwide”) of the Sterling softcover edition.

2

1994

Randles, Jenny in her “The Unexplained: Great Mysteries of the 20th Century” (1994) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 14-16 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “1900-1909”) of the Index hardback edition.

3

1995

Randles, Jenny in her “UFO Retrievals” (1995) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 18-25 (in Chapter 1) of the Blandford softback edition.

8

1978

Ridpath, Ian in his “Messages from the Stars” (1978) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 214-215 (in Chapter 13) of the Fontana paperback edition.

2

1994

Ritchie, David in his “UFO : The Definitive Guide” (1994) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 210 (in an entry entitled “Tunguska event”) of the MJF hardback edition.

1

1996

Rux, Bruce in his “Architects of the Underworld” (1996) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 225-226, 227 (in Chapter 7) of the Frog softcover edition.

3

1997

Rux, Bruce in his “Hollywood Vs. the Aliens” (1997) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 15-16 (in the Introduction) of the Frog softcover edition.

2

1977

Sachs, Margaret and Jahn, Ernest in their “Celestial Passengers – UFOs & Space Travel” (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 32-37 (Chapter 3 generally) of the Penguin paperback edition.

6

1980

Sachs, Margaret in “The UFO Encyclopedia“ (1980 (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 326-327 (in an entry entitled “Tunguska Region, Russia”), also included in a list entitled “Chronological list of UFO sightings” at page vii of the Corgi softback edition.

2

1980

Sagan, Carl in his “Cosmos“ (1980) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 92-97 (in Chapter 4) of the Abacus softcover edition.

6

1994

Sagan, Carl in his “Pale Blue Dot” (1994) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 313 (in Chapter 18) of the Random House softcover edition.

1

1979

Shuttlewood, Arthur in his “UFO Magic in Motion” (1979) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 173-176 (in Chapter 9) of the Sphere paperback edition.

4

1976

Smith, Marcia S in her “The UFO Enigma: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, UG 633, 76-52 SP” (1976) at pages 91-92 (in Chapter 5) of the Congressional Research Service stapled edition.

2

1991

Spencer, John in his “UFOs: The Definitive Casebook” (1991) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 128-129 (in the unnumbered section entitled “The East”, in the chapter entitled “Database”) of the Hamlyn hardback edition.

2

1991

Spencer, John in his “The UFO Encyclopedia” (1991) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 299 (in an entry entitled “Tunguska Meteorite”) of the Guild hardback edition (with the same page numbering in the Avon softcover edition) at page 352 of the Headline paperback edition.

1

1978

Stemman, Roy in his “Mysteries of the Universe: Great Mysteries” (1978) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 238-241 (in Chapter 13) of the Book Club Associates hardback edition.

4

1986

Stevens, Wendelle and Roberts, August in their “UFO Photographs: Around The World: Vol. 1” (1986) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 13 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “UFOs Photographed”), 217 (in the unnumbered chapter entitled “Appendix 1 : Catalogue of UFO Photographic Reports”) of the UFO Photo Archives hardback edition.

1

1977

Stilley, Frank in his “The Search” (1977) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 144-145 (in Chapter 13) of the Putnam hardback edition.

2

1976

Stoneley, Jack and A T Lawton in their “CETI: Communication with Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence” (1976) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 151 (in Chapter 19) of the Star Books paperback edition.

1

1974

Stoneley, Jack and A T Lawton in their “Is Anyone Out There?” (1974) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 187-188 (in Chapter 10) of the Star Books paperback edition.

2

1980

Story, Ronald in his “Guardians of the Universe?” (1980) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 95-100 (in Chapter 10 generally) of the New English Library paperback edition.

6

1964

Sullivan, Walter in his “We Are Not Alone” (1964) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 120 (in Chapter 10) of the Signet paperback revised editions.

1

1927

Suslov, I M in “In Search of the Great Meteorite of 1908”, Mriovedenie, Vol. 16, No. 1 (1927) 13-18. English translation included by Baxter, John and Aktins, Thomas in their “The Fire Came By” (1976) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 151-153 (Appendix A generally) of the Futura paperback edition.

3

1973

Thomas, Paul in his “Flying Saucers Through The Ages” (1973) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 14 (in Chapter 1) of the Tandem paperback edition.

1

1987

Time-Life (Editors of) in “The UFO phenomenon: Mysteries of the Unknown” (1987) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 23-24 (in Chapter 1) of the Time-Life Book hardback edition.

2

1969

Trench, Brinsley Le Poer in his “Operation Earth” (1969) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 29 (in Chapter 4) of the Tandem paperback edition.

1

1966

Vallee, Jacques and Vallee, Janine in their “Challenge to Science – The UFO Enigma” (1966) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 116-117 (in Chapter 5) of the Ballantine Books paperback edition, at pages 99-100 of the Tandem paperback edition.

2

1965

Vallee, Jacques in his “Anatomy of a Phenomenon” (1965) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 18-20 (in Chapter 1) of the Henry Regnery hardback edition (with the same page numbering in the Tandem paperback edition), pages 20-22 of the Ballantine Books paperback edition, pages 42-44 of the 1966 revised and enlarged Ace Star paperback edition.

3

1970

Vallee, Jacques in his “Passport to Magonia” (1970) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 187 (in the Appendix entitled “A Century of UFO Landings (1868-1968)”) of the Regnery hardback edition, with the relevant Appendix omitted from the Tandem paperback edition.

1

1992

Vallee, Jacques in his “UFO Chronicles of the Soviet Union: A Cosmic Samizdat” (1992) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 62-73 (Chapter 6 generally) and 101-103 (in Chapter 9) of the Ballantine Books hardback edition.

15

1968

Von Daniken, Erich in his “Chariots of the Gods?” (1968) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 162-165 (in Chapter 10) of the World Books hardback edition, at pages 122-125 of the Bantam paperback editions.

4

2002

Webb, Stephen in his “Where is Everybody?: Fifty Solutions to the Fermi Paradox” (2002) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 34 (in Chapter 3) of the Copernicus hardback edition.

1

1980

Welfare, Simon and Fairley, John in their “Arthur C Clarke’s Mysterious World” (1980) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 222-243 (in Chapter 9 generally) of the Book Club Associates hardback edition.

22

1998

White, Michael in his “Life Out There” (1998) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 86-87 (in Chapter 4) of the Little, Brown & Co hardback edition.

2

1954

Wilkins, Harold in his “Flying Saucers on the Moon” (1954) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at page 217 (in Chapter 9) of the Peter Owen hardback edition, at page 210 of the Ace paperback edition published under the title “Flying Saucers on the Attack”.

1

1975

Zarkon in his “The Zarkon Principle” (1975) (available on Amazon USA and on Amazon UK) at pages 58-59 (in Chapter 8) of the Everest paperback edition.

2

1965

Zigel, F Yu in Tom Allen’s “The Quest: A Report on Extraterrestrial life" (1965) at pages 253-263 (in Appendix A generally) of the Chilton hardback edition. The relevant appendix is a translation of an article by Zigel, F Yu in “Zaniye-Sila” (Knowledge is Strength), No. 12, Moscow, December 1961, pages 24-27).

11

Other Material